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Knorrepoes (talk | contribs) m (Text replacement - "===Official blazon===↵↵===Origin/meaning===" to "{| class="wikitable" |+Official blazon |- |'''English''' | blazon wanted |} ===Origin/meaning===") Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{ | {{il}} | ||
| | '''KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM''' | ||
| | |||
[[FIle:jerusale.ahe.jpg|center|Arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Official blazon | |||
|- | |||
|'''English''' | |||
| blazon wanted | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Origin/meaning=== | |||
The Kingdom of Jerusalem is an ancient medieval Kingdom, now in [[Israel]], [[Palestine]] and [[Jordan]]). | |||
The cross for the Kingdom of Jerusalem dates from the 12<sup>th</sup> century and is one of the few exceptions in heraldry where a shield consists only of the two metals, silver and gold. Perhaps it was thought that, by deliberately using, as most worthy for so sacred a purpose, the two precious metals, and thereby contravening the rules which ordinarily govern heraldry, special attention would be drawn to the very distinguished character of the status of Jerusalem as a Holy City. | |||
In 1099 the crusaders entered Jerusalem for the first time and, in the following year, they erected the city together with certain adjacent provinces, into a Christian kingdom. On Christmas Day in that same year, 1100, they crowned their first king, Baldwin, son of Eustace Count of Boulogne. | |||
All the kings of Jerusalem, from the twelfth century onwards, whether they were actual, titular or claimant, are credited with having used the Arms: "argent a cross potent between four plain crosses or," alone, impaled by, or quartered with their own Arms. | |||
The actual meaning of the cross, besides a symbol of Christianity, is not known. Several meanings have been proposed:<br> | |||
- the cross is a combination of an I and an H, placed one upon the other, forming a variation of the " Monogram of Christ" (the initial letters of the name of Jesus in Greek) or perhaps the initial letters of the Latin form of Jerusalem<br> | |||
- the cross represents the hilts and pommels of four swords laid in the form of the cross, combining the Crusades with the Holy City. | |||
The main cross is always a cross potent, but the small crosses are shown either as normal crosses, or as crosses potent. The reasons thereof are not known. | |||
The arms and title were used by the Austrian Emperors, but the area never formed part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The Emperors, however, put a claim on the Kingdom, which existed during the crusades. The claim was based on a long range of successions. The Kingdom was first claimed by the Kings of Antiochia (now in [[Syria]]). In 1277 Maria of Antiochia granted the claim to King Charles II of Sicily from the Anjou dynasty. Through marriage the arms appeared in the arms of the Dukes of [[Lorraine]] in 1420. The Duchy of [[Lorraine]] became a possession of the Habsburg family, later Emperors of Austria-Hungary. | |||
The | |||
The Kings of Aragon and through these the Spanish Kings also claimed the succession from the King of Sicily and used the same cross in their arms. | The Kings of Aragon and through these the Spanish Kings also claimed the succession from the King of Sicily and used the same cross in their arms. | ||
{|align="center" | {|align="center" | ||
|align="center"|[[File:jerusalem.jpg|center|350 px]] <br/>The arms in a glass-stained window in the Broodhuis in Brussels | |align="center"|[[File:{{PAGENAME}}.hes.jpg|350 px|center|Arms of {{PAGENAME}}]]<br/>The arms in the [[Wapen- en Vlaggenboek Hesman|Wapen- en Vlaggenboek]] van Gerrit Hesman (1708) | ||
|align="center"|[[File:jerusalem.jpg|center|350 px|Arms of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms in a glass-stained window in the Broodhuis in Brussels | |||
|} | |} | ||
{{media}} | |||
[[Literature]] : Ströhl, 1890 | [[Literature]] : Ströhl, 1890 | ||
[[Category:Austro-Hungarian Empire]] | [[Category:Austro-Hungarian Empire]] |
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