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Baden (State): Difference between revisions
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'''BADEN''' | '''BADEN''' | ||
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{|align="center" | {|align="center" | ||
|align="center"|[[File:baden2.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms of Baden from a 13<sup>th</sup> century roll of arms | |align="center"|[[File:baden2.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}/Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms of Baden from a 13<sup>th</sup> century roll of arms | ||
|align="center"|[[File:{{PAGENAME}}.hes.jpg|350 px|center|Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]]<br/>The arms in the [[Wapen- en Vlaggenboek Hesman|Wapen- en Vlaggenboek]] van Gerrit Hesman (1708) | |||
|} | |} | ||
In the 16<sup>th</sup> century the arms were enlarged with two griffins as supporters. A little later the Baden arms followed the German tradition in adding different quarters of acquired territories. At first the Baden arms were placed on a quartered shield of Badenweiler, Rötteln, Badisch-Breisgau and Neuenburg (now Neuchâtel in Switzerland). The latter was replaced in 1580 by the wing of the Lordship Sausenberg. At the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> century the number of fields had increased to 18. | In the 16<sup>th</sup> century the arms were enlarged with two griffins as supporters. A little later the Baden arms followed the German tradition in adding different quarters of acquired territories. At first the Baden arms were placed on a quartered shield of Badenweiler, Rötteln, Badisch-Breisgau and Neuenburg (now Neuchâtel in Switzerland). The latter was replaced in 1580 by the wing of the Lordship Sausenberg. At the end of the 18<sup>th</sup> century the number of fields had increased to 18. | ||
After the creation of the new Grand-Duchy of Baden in 1806, the tradition continued. The new arms from 1807 were a heraldic monster :<br/> | After the creation of the new Grand-Duchy of Baden in 1806, the tradition continued. The new arms from 1807 were a heraldic monster:<br/> | ||
The actual arms of the Grand-Duchy were a shield divided per bend sinister of purpure and red. In the upper part (on the purpure field) a gold bend was placed, in the lower red field a golden lion. The actual arms of Baden red on gold were thus replaced by gold on purpure. The division red and pupure is against the heraldic rule of colour. The lion should represent the lion of Zähringen, for which is no historical evidence. The main shield thus contained three errors !<br/> | The actual arms of the Grand-Duchy were a shield divided per bend sinister of purpure and red. In the upper part (on the purpure field) a gold bend was placed, in the lower red field a golden lion. The actual arms of Baden red on gold were thus replaced by gold on purpure. The division red and pupure is against the heraldic rule of colour. The lion should represent the lion of Zähringen, for which is no historical evidence. The main shield thus contained three errors !<br/> | ||
These arms were placed as an escutcheon on the mainshield, which consisted of 29 fields. These represented 13 wordly territories (Baden, Hochberg, Kurpfalz, Breisgau, Sausenebrg, Eberstein, Rötteln, Mahlberg, Badenweiler, Lahr-Geroldseck, Bonndorf, Hauenstein and Hanau-Lichtenberg), 9 former territories that belonged to monasteries or bishop-states (Bruchsal, Ettenheim, Konstanz, Gengenbach, Odenheim, Salem, Petershausen, Reichenau, Öhringen), the cross of the German Order and the Order of Malta as these also used to have possessions in the new Grand-Duchy, as well as 5 arms of cities ([[Offenburg]], [[Konstanz]], [[Überlingen]], [[Pfullendorf]] and [[Villingen]]). <br/> | These arms were placed as an escutcheon on the mainshield, which consisted of 29 fields. These represented 13 wordly territories (Baden, Hochberg, Kurpfalz, Breisgau, Sausenebrg, Eberstein, Rötteln, Mahlberg, Badenweiler, Lahr-Geroldseck, Bonndorf, Hauenstein and Hanau-Lichtenberg), 9 former territories that belonged to monasteries or bishop-states (Bruchsal, Ettenheim, Konstanz, Gengenbach, Odenheim, Salem, Petershausen, Reichenau, Öhringen), the cross of the German Order and the Order of Malta as these also used to have possessions in the new Grand-Duchy, as well as 5 arms of cities ([[Offenburg]], [[Konstanz]], [[Überlingen]], [[Pfullendorf]] and [[Villingen]]). <br/> | ||
If not enough, the main shield was surrounded by the arms of 10 more territories, each crowned with the proper crown : Fürstenberg, Heiligenberg, Tengen, Klettgau, Hagenau, Neudenau-Billigheim, Krautheim, Wertheim, Dürn and Leiningen-Mosbach.<br/> | If not enough, the main shield was surrounded by the arms of 10 more territories, each crowned with the proper crown:Fürstenberg, Heiligenberg, Tengen, Klettgau, Hagenau, Neudenau-Billigheim, Krautheim, Wertheim, Dürn and Leiningen-Mosbach.<br/> | ||
Finally, these arms were held by a griffin and a lion (for Zähringen) as supporters and crowned by the Grand-Ducal crown. The whole could be placed on a mantle. | Finally, these arms were held by a griffin and a lion (for Zähringen) as supporters and crowned by the Grand-Ducal crown. The whole could be placed on a mantle. | ||
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{|align="center" | {|align="center" | ||
|align="center"|[[File:badenz1.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The large arms on a seal, around 1900 | |align="center"|[[File:badenz1.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}/Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The large arms on a seal, around 1900 | ||
|align="center"|[[File:badenz2.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The small arms on a seal, around 1900 | |align="center"|[[File:badenz2.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}/Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The small arms on a seal, around 1900 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="center"|[[File:baden6.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The small arms on a seal, around 1900 | |align="center"|[[File:baden6.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}/Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The small arms on a seal, around 1900 | ||
|} | |} | ||
The new Free-state (or Rebublic) removed the chains and mantle, but otherwise the arms were the same. From 1945-1952 only the shield was used, without crown and supporters. | The new Free-state (or Rebublic) removed the chains and mantle, but otherwise the arms were the same. From 1945-1952 only the shield was used, without crown and supporters. | ||
{|align="center" | {|align="center" | ||
|align="center"|[[File:baden3.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms of the Free State or Republic of Baden, 1920s. | |align="center"|[[File:baden3.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}/Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms of the Free State or Republic of Baden, 1920s. | ||
|align="center"|[[File:baden4.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms of the Free State or Republic of Baden, 1920s. | |align="center"|[[File:baden4.jpg|center|Wappen von {{PAGENAME}}/Coat of arms (crest) of {{PAGENAME}}]] <br/>The arms of the Free State or Republic of Baden, 1920s. | ||
|} | |} | ||
The arms of Baden are used in many civic arms of towns and municipalities, such as [[Baden-Baden]], [[Durmersheim]], [[Eichstetten am Kaiserstuhl]], [[Emmendingen]], [[Eppingen]], [[Ettlingen]], [[Malterdingen]], [[Neuenburg am Rhein]], [[Pforzheim]], [[Sasbach]], [[Schopfheim]] and many more. Outside Germany the arms appear in the arms of [[Vichten]] in Luxembourg. See [http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Baden_(State)&limit=100 here] for more arms with the Baden arms. | The arms of Baden are used in many civic arms of towns and municipalities, such as [[Baden-Baden]], [[Durmersheim]], [[Eichstetten am Kaiserstuhl]], [[Emmendingen]], [[Eppingen]], [[Ettlingen]], [[Malterdingen]], [[Neuenburg am Rhein]], [[Pforzheim]], [[Sasbach]], [[Schopfheim]] and many more. Outside Germany the arms appear in the arms of [[Vichten]] in Luxembourg. See [http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Baden_(State)&limit=100 here] for more arms with the Baden arms. | ||
The arms of Baden on coins | The arms of Baden on coins: | ||
<gallery perrow=0> | |||
| | File:baden1504.jpg|1504 | ||
File:baden1604.jpg|1604 | |||
| | File:baden1622.jpg|1622 | ||
File:baden1738.jpg|1738 | |||
File:baden1778.jpg|1778 | |||
File:baden1806.jpg|1806 | |||
File:baden1814.jpg|1814 | |||
File:baden1859.jpg|1859 | |||
File:baden1871.jpg|1871 | |||
</gallery> | |||
{{de}} | |||
{{media}} | {{media}} | ||
[ | '''[https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/bibliography/ Literature]''': Stadler, K.:Deutsche Wappen - Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Angelsachsen Verlag, 1964-1971, 8 volumes; Kalckhoff, A.:Heraldik aus 9 Jahrhunderten. Zur geschichte des Familienwappens. Pro Heraldica, Stuttgart, 1984 (pictures); Schurdel, H.D.:Flaggen und Wappen Deutschland, Battenberg, Augsburg, 1995. | ||
[[Category:German Municipalities B]] | |||
[[Category:Baden-Württemberg]] | [[Category:Baden-Württemberg]] | ||
[[Category:German States]] | [[Category:German States]] | ||